2024 Stretchable Lithium Ion Battery Unlocks New Tech Fields

The stretchable lithium ion battery represents a significant innovation in the field of wearable technology. These batteries are designed to be flexible and durable, making them ideal for a wide range of applications, from smartwatches to medical devices. As the demand for stretchable electronics continues to grow, these advanced batteries are set to play a crucial role in the future of both consumer electronics and healthcare technologies.

Stretchable lithium ion battery unlocks new tech fields - manly

Stretchable Lithium Ion Battery: A New Era in Wearable Technology

Market Overview

In 2022, the global market for stretchable lithium ion batteries was valued at $175.7 million. This market is expected to grow rapidly at a rate of 23.0% over the forecast period. The increasing demand for stretchable batteries in wearable devices like smartwatches and phones is a major factor driving this growth. These batteries are crucial for powering adaptive devices that require flexibility, such as being bendable, twistable, and ultra-thin to withstand mechanical deformation during use.

Applications and Benefits

Stretchable electronics, including these advanced batteries, play a vital role in enhancing the functionality and user experience of wearable technology. Their lightweight and compact design makes them ideal for portable devices, allowing them to fit into available spaces and reduce the weight and size of the products. These batteries are specially designed to endure bending, stretching, and other mechanical forces, making them more durable compared to traditional rigid batteries. This enhanced durability is particularly beneficial for wearables that experience regular movement and bending.

Technological Advancements

Recent advancements in stretchable lithium ion battery technology are expected to drive market growth. The increasing demand for advanced wearables, implantable electronic devices such as pacemakers, and soft wearable devices used in urban settings has sparked interest in creating batteries with properties similar to human skin and organs. For instance, in March 2022, a Korean research team developed a soft, mechanically deformable, and stretchable lithium battery suitable for wearable devices. They tested its potential by printing the battery onto clothing. This battery integrates existing lithium ion materials and achieves an energy storage density of approximately 2.8 mWh/cm², comparable to commercially available rigid lithium ion batteries operating at 3.3V or higher.

Challenges and Considerations

Despite the promising advancements, there are challenges in the market. Repeated twisting of flexible batteries can cause cracks in the electrode layers, leading to the breakdown of active materials and hindering market growth. This issue mainly arises from limited adhesive strength between electrode materials and current collectors. Additionally, continuous twisting can increase internal resistance within the battery, affecting its performance. There are also concerns about the battery pack itself; for example, aluminum plastic films used in standard lithium batteries may wrinkle in flexible batteries, potentially causing leaks if the electrode layers are punctured.

Stretchable Lithium Ion Battery: Innovations and Applications

Cambridge University’s “Jelly Battery”

In the UK, researchers at Cambridge University have developed a novel stretchable lithium ion battery inspired by electric eels. They have named it the “jelly battery” due to its unique design. This battery mimics the layered structure of electric eel tissue, which is flexible and conductive.

Lead author Stephen O’Neill mentioned in a press release, “Designing a material that is both highly stretchable and highly conductive is challenging because these properties are usually conflicting.” The Cambridge team’s battery uses hydrogels, which are polymer networks containing over 60% water. These structures can stretch and return to their original shape without losing functionality.

Exceptional Stretchability and Resilience

The study described the creation of a supramolecular polyion network with high stretchability (>1500%), compressibility (>90%), and rapid self-recovery. Due to the reversible bonds formed by compound molecules, the jelly battery’s layers have strong adhesion.

The paper noted, “Supramolecular cross-linking allows layered samples to elongate more than ten times their initial length before breaking at the interface.” Oren Scherman, a professor and director at the Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, emphasized the customizability of hydrogels to match human tissue’s mechanical properties.

Potential Medical Applications

Cambridge University’s team proposed that their jelly battery could be implanted in the brain for drug delivery or to treat conditions like epilepsy. Hydrogels, free from rigid metal components, are less likely to be rejected by the body or cause scar tissue buildup. Additionally, hydrogels exhibit remarkable toughness, resisting permanent deformation under compression and self-repairing when damaged.

Broader Implications

The development of these technologies is a global priority. The World Economic Forum listed flexible batteries as one of the “Top Ten Emerging Technologies of 2023.” These advancements are set to expand possibilities in wearable devices, IoT applications, flexible smartphones, and brain-computer interfaces (BCIs).

Innovations in Stretchable Lithium Ion Battery Technology

High Flexibility and Durability

A team from Nanjing University in China has developed a stretchable lithium ion battery that remains highly efficient after 70 charging cycles and can stretch up to 5000%. This innovation caters to the growing demand for batteries in stretchable electronics, ensuring both flexibility and durability. Wearable health monitors and other flexible electronic devices require these deformable characteristics.

Structural Advancements

When we think of batteries, we don’t usually think of them as flexible. However, for stretchable electronics to work effectively, the batteries must also be able to bend and stretch. Most attempts to create such batteries have involved folding rigid parts into stretchable shapes or using woven conductive fabrics. But for a truly stretchable battery, each component—the electrodes that collect charge and the intermediate electrolyte layer that balances the charge—needs to be elastic.

Manufacturing Process

To make the electrodes for a fully elastic battery, the team applied a thin film of conductive paste containing silver nanowires, carbon black, and lithium-based materials onto a flat surface. Then, they added a layer of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), a flexible material often used in contact lenses. On top of this, they added lithium salts, a high-conductivity liquid, and ingredients to form an elastic polymer. Under light exposure, these components bonded to create a robust rubber layer that could stretch up to 5000% of its original length and conduct lithium ions. The entire assembly was then sealed with another electrode film and protected by an outer layer.

Performance Comparison

The new solid-state stretchable battery significantly outperformed traditional designs that use liquid electrolytes. It showed a sixfold increase in average charging capacity during rapid charging and maintained stable capacity over 67 charge-discharge cycles. In other prototypes using solid electrodes, the polymer electrolyte remained stable over 1000 cycles, with only a 1% capacity drop in the first 30 cycles compared to a 16% drop in liquid electrolyte batteries.

Stretchable Lithium Ion Battery: Applications and Market Insights

Wearable Electronics

The stretchable lithium ion battery is a game-changer for the wearable electronics market. These batteries can bend, twist, and flex in sync with the devices they power, providing a seamless and comfortable user experience. Wearable devices like smartwatches and fitness trackers benefit greatly from these batteries as they can easily adapt to the shape of the wearer’s body, ensuring a comfortable fit with minimal added weight. This lightweight design is crucial for user comfort, especially during prolonged use.

Medical Devices

In the healthcare sector, the stretchable lithium ion battery is expected to drive significant growth. These batteries have the potential to revolutionize medical devices by enabling the development of flexible and implantable electronics. For example, they can be integrated into smart bandages and sensors to monitor wound healing, detect infections, and quickly transmit vital data to healthcare professionals. Additionally, their flexibility makes them ideal for implantable devices like pacemakers and neural stimulators, reducing discomfort and minimizing the risk of damage to surrounding tissues.

Regional Insights

Stretchable electronics are seeing rapid adoption in different regions. North America is anticipated to hold the largest market share due to the active participation of key players in the region. For instance, on July 31, 2023, researchers at the University of Houston created a fully elastic fabric-based lithium ion battery prototype. This innovative approach converts rigid battery electrodes into flexible, stretchable ones, enhancing the potential for wearable devices and implantable biosensors. The use of conductive silver fabric allows the battery to bend and stretch while maintaining electrical conductivity.

In the Asia-Pacific region, the demand for stretchable lithium ion batteries is growing rapidly. On October 31, 2022, researchers at Japan’s Hokkaido University developed an elastic packaging film with high gas and moisture barrier capabilities, making it possible for flexible batteries to operate reliably in air. This advancement highlights the region’s commitment to developing highly flexible batteries for wearable devices.

Europe is also expected to see substantial market growth due to increased investments by organizations. For example, on April 28, 2022, Volkswagen and BP formed a strategic alliance to promote the widespread adoption of electric vehicles across Europe. They showcased their first charger in Düsseldorf, Germany, aiming to build a fast-charging network by 2024. This initiative will likely drive the demand for advanced battery technologies, including stretchable lithium ion batteries, to support the growing electric vehicle market.

These innovations and regional developments indicate a promising future for stretchable lithium ion batteries, particularly in enhancing the functionality and user experience of wearable electronics and medical devices.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the advancements in stretchable lithium ion battery technology are poised to revolutionize various industries. From enhancing the functionality and comfort of wearable devices to providing new solutions for medical implants, these batteries offer significant benefits. As research and development continue to progress, the potential applications for these flexible and durable power sources will only expand, driving further growth and innovation in the market for stretchable electronics.

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